TDC and BDC means?

TDC=Top Dead Center 

BDC=Bottom Dead Center

Type Of Clutch

   

 Friction clutches

1) Single-plate Clutch      Click here

2) Multi-plate Clutch        Click here

3)  Cone Clutch                   Click here

Centrifugal clutch            Click here

Semi-Centrifugal Clutch Click here

Diaphragm Clutch           Click hare

Hydraulic clutch              click hare

Electromagnetic clutch click here 

other information to clutch related 

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/clutch
https://www.carthrottle.com/post/different-types-of-clutches-and-how-they-work/
http://www.mechanicalbooster.com/2014/07/types-of-clutches.html
http://mechstuff.com/manual-car-clutches-working-principle-parts-types/
https://auto.howstuffworks.com/clutch2.htm
https://www.halfordsautocentres.com/advice/car-repairs-advice/signs-your-clutch-is-going
https://www.warrantywise.co.uk/blog/clutch-maintenance-how-to-avoid-costly-repairs
http://www.wardautomotive.net/blog/bid/183763/The-top-5-things-that-can-go-wrong-with-your-car-s-clutch
https://axleaddict.com/auto-repair/Bad-Clutch-Symptoms
https://www.transmissionrepaircostguide.com/10-common-transmission-problems/
https://www.angieslist.com/articles/what-are-most-common-problems-manual-transmission-vehicles.htm
https://www.knowyourparts.com/technical-resources/drive-train/clutch-failure-common-causes-and-replacement-advice/
https://www.autobutler.co.uk/wiki/what-does-the-clutch-do
https://www.autobutler.co.uk/blog/avoid-wearing-out-your-clutch
https://www.autobutler.co.uk/blog/avoid-wearing-out-your-clutch
http://mechanicalmania.blogspot.com/2011/07/different-types-of-clutch.html
http://learnmech.com/working-of-single-plate-and-multi-plate/
https://www.scribd.com/doc/124603089/Working-of-Single-Plate-Clutch
http://www.industrialfriction.com/centrifugal-clutches/

Cone Clutch

Sailing with the Transmission in Gear

Most of us put the transmission in reverse while sailing to lock the propeller shaft from turning. On some boats this works fine for many years. However, on some boats this behavior can damage the transmission. Whether or not sailing with the transmission in gear will damage your drive train is dependent on what kind of transmission and propeller you have. We will review a Yanmar technical bulletin to get the official word from one manufacturer. This information applies to mechanical marine gear transmissions and saildrives only.

The first kind of mechanical transmission that we will discuss is one with a cone clutch. Cone clutch transmissions are highly susceptible to damage when left in gear while sailing. The cone slippage will be introduced which will void the warranty. There is also the possibility that the cones won’t disengage, making it impossible to shift the transmission out of reverse. With a fixed propeller, the transmission should be in neutral, which will allow the propeller shaft to turn. With folding or feathering propellers, put the transmission into reverse to fold or feather the propeller, and then put it into neutral.

The other types of mechanical clutches are dog clutches or disc clutches. When using a fixed propeller with these clutches, the transmission must be in neutral while sailing. When using a folding or feathering propeller with these transmissions you may leave the transmission in reverse while sailing.

Ok, now you’ve decided to stop putting your transmission in reverse while sailing. What to do about that noise from the shaft rotating? Is the transmission getting enough lubrication? What kind of transmission do I have? The best option to keep the shaft from rotating is to install a shaft-lock device inside the boat. Or, if you have a saildrive, your option is to switch to a feathering or folding propeller. Transmissions without oil-coolers attached are lubricated when the gears turn and splash the transmission fluid around. This will continue to happen if the propeller is turning with the engine off. If you cannot determine which type of transmission you have, contact us with your transmission’s model number and we will find out for you.

What else can you do to keep your transmission in top working order? When the engine is running, only shift the transmission when you are at idle rpm. With the engine turned off, only shift to fold or feather the prop while sailing at less than 3 knots. Change the lubricating oil in your transmission at intervals recommended by the manufacturer.

Thanks to Wikipedia for the illustration, click here for the page.

Fuel Pressure Sensor.

• Your common rail Diesel Engines is fitted with a fuel pressure sensor.

In Indian cars the most common make is Bosch; followed by Delphi and Siemens and then Denso The fuel  pressure sensor signals the pressure in the fuel rail to the ECU . The rail contains a pressurised supply of diesel fuel ready for the injectors to use; when the pressure in the rail drops the sensor signals this to the ECU and pressure (via the pump) is restored. The ECU  controls the  supply of fuel  to the rail from the high pressure pump; it does this by means of a Fuel pressure control valve. If the fuel pressure sensor fails or becomes faulty run a diagnostic check on the vehicle. You will find the fault codes listed                                                        

Check The Fault Code Click Here 

DELPHI FPS

BOSCH FPS

Fuel Pressure Regulator valve

A  fuel pressure regulator is a solenoid valve.
 FP Regulators are fitted to high pressure
 pumps and or  to the common fuel rail
 in modern common rail diesel cars.

• The function of the FPR is to keep the pressure in the rail at a constant level
• Probably  the most common make is Bosch.
• A  fuel  pressure sensor signals the pressure in the fuel rail to the ECU – the ECU in turn signals the regulator to open or close.
• “The rail contains a pressurised supply of diesel fuel ready for the injectors to use; when the pressure in the rail drops the sensor signals this to the ECU and pressure (via the pump) is restored.”
• The ECU  controls the  supply of  fuel  to the rail from the high pressure pump;
• it does this by means of the Fuel pressure control valve.
• If pressure is getting too high the regulator opens to allow fuel to return to the tank (and pressure drops) It works the opposite way when pressure falls.

• 
•        Fuel Pressure Regulator valve

4 Cylinder Firing Order

 4 cylinder engine of a Maruti Suzuki Swift– In cars like swift having 4-cylinders placed in a straight line, the firing order is configured as 1-3-4-2 which means all the cylinders will have firing or the spark plug ignition according to the 1-3-4-2 sequence, it is found that in a 4 cylinder engine a complete firing order gives 720 degrees of the crankshaft rotation which means each power stroke by the individual piston gives 180 degree of rotation to the crankshaft

2 Cylinder Firing order

cylinder engine of a Tata Nano – In Tata Nano,  2-cylinder in-line engine is used even being the more than 1-cylinder engine, firing order  is not so complex as it is quite obvious that when cylinder 1 will get firing or the spark plug ignition than the cylinder 2 will be at compression stroke and the order of the firing will be 1-2

Engine Car Sensor

1. Mass Air Flow (MAF) Click hare
2. Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Click hare
3. Throttle Position Sensor(TPS)  Click here
4. Coolant Temperature Sensor(CTS) Click here
5. Knock Sensor (KS) Click here
6. Crank Position Sensor (CPS) Click here
7. Air Temperature Sensor (ATS) Click here
8. Oxygen Sensor (OS)  Click here
9. Speedometer (SM)   Click here